Cognitive therapy is the most effective treatment. This method helps you to think through the trauma, how a person with post-traumatic stress disorder understands the trauma, and to change the thinking that causes the subject’s anxiety and other symptoms.

For example, even if after a car accident while driving, some people may experience slight anxiety symptoms for about two to three weeks and then start driving again. However, one can experience post-traumatic stress disorder of being in fear of driving again or riding a car, and reemergence symptoms involving car related accident for 2-3 months. In this case, the thoughts of the patient(eg. most drivers are high risk of accidents as they are careless and impulsive. I will not be able to avoid the accident. I will die in a car accident, etc.) must be identified and change it to more rational thoughts(eg. some drivers are careless and impulsive, but most drivers are driving carefully. I can avoid the risk of accidents because I drive defensively. I am more likely to get in accident when I tired or when its raninng/snowing, but I can use public transport during those days to be safe. I am very unlikely to die from a car accident, etc.).

Sometimes, we can be in self-regrets about things that were beyond our control. For example, if your family is robbed and your property is taken away because of a burglary, you may be regretful because you were not at home and may suffer from severe post-traumatic stress disorder. Cognitive therapy allows you to understand that it was not your fault and to cope with feelings of anger, fear and guilt you are experiencing.

Exposure therapy is a technique that changes the fear of thinking, feeling and situation related to trauma through repetitive exposure experiences. By repeatedly talking to the therapist about the accident, you can gradually control the negative feelings and thoughts about the accident. In other words, it can be very disturbing to remember or talk about memories of an accident, but as the treatment process continues, this anxiety is eased and the overwhelming experience is reduced.

Exposure therapy is largely divided into two methods: one starting with a very low level of anxiety and then dealing with increasingly anxious trauma experiences, and another starting with a very high level of anxiety situation such as a flood to gradually make the patient familiarized to pain. What is important in this process is not only to deal with uneasiness, but also to simultaneously practice relaxation exercises that alleviate the unpleasant feelings, so that the trauma experiences exposed in the treatment process become less fearful, less anxious, and eventually overcoming it.

Although there is no drug to treat all symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, medication is developed according to different symptoms the patient experiences, helping symptom relief and effective treatment. Especially, antidepressant drugs for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) are effective for controlling symptoms such as anxiety, fear and impulsive tendency in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder causes serious pain and symptoms for a few months to several years after the accident. In severe cases, it requires hospitalization. However, in the end, it is a problem that needs to be overcome through outpatient treatment and counseling, so the support of family members and friends is very important.

1. 创伤事件直接或者间接目击的情况
2. 经历了严重的事故的情况
3. 经历的创伤十分严重或者时间很长的情况
4. 相信自己已经陷入危险的情况
5. 知道家人已经陷入危险的情况
6. 经历创伤时，有哭喊、发抖或者呕吐的情况，或者感到孤立感的情况
7. 创伤时，感到无力或者觉得为了自己或所爱的人什么也做不了的情况

• 反复，插入性的对事件的痛苦记忆，包括图像、想法或者感知
• 反复的，有关事件的痛苦的梦
• 表现得或感觉到好像创伤性事件重现了的感觉
• 当暴露在象征着创伤性事件的某些方面或者与创伤性事件某些方面相似的内容或者内容的提示时的生理反应，包括出汗、心跳加快等。

• 回避与创伤相关的想法，感觉或者对话的努力
• 回避会促使回忆起此创伤的活动、地点或人物
• 无法回忆此创伤的重要方面
• 对重要活动的兴趣或者参与明显降低
• 与他人疏远隔离的感觉
• 情感受限（如无法拥有爱的感觉）。
• 对未来无法感到正面的感觉或期待

• 难以入睡或者经醒
• 神经敏感或者容易发火
• 难以集中注意力
• 过度警觉
• 经常受惊